Q4(e). Percentage ionic character of the Br–Cl bond
Determine the percentage of ionic character (bond polarity) of BrCl and comment on the nature of Br–Cl bond. Dipole moment of BrCl = 1.42 × 10⁻³⁰ C m, bond length d(Br–Cl) = 214 × 10⁻¹⁴ m (as printed; 214 pm), charge of an electron = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.
Answer in brief
Ionic character = μobs/(e × d) × 100 = 4.15 %; the Br–Cl bond is a polar covalent bond, about 96 % covalent, with bromine the positive end (Brᵟ⁺–Clᵟ⁻).
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Coverspercentage ionic characterdipole momentbond polarityinterhalogen BrClHannay–Smith equation
All parts of Question 4
- 4(a) The state of H₂ corresponding to N₂ at 126 K and 1 atm10 marks
- 4(b) Mean molar heat of vaporisation of water from two vapour pressures10 marks
- 4(c) Capillary rise of two liquids in the same tube10 marks
- 4(d) Principle of polarography; reading a polarogram10 marks
- 4(e) Percentage ionic character of the Br–Cl bond10 marks