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UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist

Chemist

  • 3 descriptive papers
  • 200 marks each
  • 3 h per paper

Mains Paper I covers inorganic chemistry.

UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist, Mains · 2020 · Mains Paper I

Q8(b). Total hardness by EDTA

Question

Define hardness of water. Give the outline of the procedure for the determination of total hardness of water using EDTA.

Answer in brief

Hardness is mainly the dissolved Ca(II) and Mg(II) content, reported as an equivalent concentration of CaCO₃. Determine the total by EDTA titration near pH 10.

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CoversTotal hardness by EDTAWater analysis

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