Q2(b). Second ionisation energy of sodium
The lattice energies (U₀) for the formation of NaCl and hypothetical NaCl₂ from Cl₂ gas and Na metal are −757 kJ mol⁻¹ and −2180 kJ mol⁻¹, and enthalpies of formation (ΔHf) are −381 kJ mol⁻¹ and +2530 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. From these data, calculate the 2nd ionization energy of Na. (Given that ΔHEA for Cl and ΔHatomization for Cl₂ → 2Cl are −349 and +242 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively.)
Answer in brief
The second ionisation energy of sodium is I₂ = 4562 kJ mol⁻¹.
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CoversBorn–Haber cyclelattice energysecond ionisation energyhypothetical NaCl2Hess's law
All parts of Question 2
- 2(a) Nodes in hydrogen 3p orbitals10 marks
- 2(b) Second ionisation energy of sodium15 marks
- 2(c)(i) Limiting radius ratio for trigonal coordination10 marks
- 2(c)(ii) Why zinc blende is face-centred cubic5 marks