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UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist

Chemist

  • 3 descriptive papers
  • 200 marks each
  • 3 h per paper

Mains Paper II covers physical chemistry.

UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist, Mains · 2017 · Mains Paper II

Q4. Gibbs–Duhem equation

Question

Derive the Gibbs–Duhem equation for a mixture at constant pressure and temperature.

Answer in brief

Σᵢ nᵢ dμᵢ=0, equivalently Σᵢ xᵢ dμᵢ=0 at constant T,p.

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CoversGibbs–Duhem equationMixture thermodynamics