UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist

• Kinetic theory and the gaseous state · 4.2 Kinetic theory of gases: Maxwell distribution, collisions, mean free path, effusion and transport · 4.1 Real gases: van der Waals equation, critical constants, Boyle temperatureFreeOpen 4.2Open 4.1
• Solids · 3.2 Defects in solids, non-stoichiometry and semiconductors · 3.1 Crystal systems, Miller indices, Bragg's law and radius ratioFreeOpen 3.2Open 3.1
• Chemical thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium · 8.3 Electrolytes: conductance, Kohlrausch, Debye–Hückel and transport numbers · 6.1 Second and third laws: entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz energies, Maxwell relations · 6.2 Chemical potential, partial molar quantities, Gibbs–Duhem equation, fugacity and activity · 6.3 Chemical equilibrium: ΔG° and K, Kp, Kc and Kx, van ’t Hoff isochore and isobar · 5.1 First law of thermodynamics: work, heat, enthalpy, adiabatic changes, Joule–Thomson effect, thermochemistry · 7.2 Solutions: Raoult’s and Henry’s laws, colligative properties, van ’t Hoff factor and activityFreeOpen 8.3Open 6.1Open 6.2Open 6.3Open 5.1Open 7.2
• Chemical kinetics and catalysis · 11.2 Adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis and colloids · 9.2 Theories of reaction rate: Arrhenius, collision and transition-state theory · 9.1 Rate laws and order: integrated rate equations, half-life, reversible, parallel and consecutive reactionsFreeOpen 11.2Open 9.2Open 9.1
• Electrochemistry · 8.2 Electrochemical cells: Nernst equation, emf and electrodes · 8.3 Electrolytes: conductance, Kohlrausch, Debye–Hückel and transport numbersFreeOpen 8.2Open 8.3
• Quantum chemistry · 1.1 Postulates of quantum mechanics: operators, eigenfunctions, Hermitian operators and acceptable wave functions · 1.2 Uncertainty principle, de Broglie relation and wave–particle dualityFreeOpen 1.1Open 1.2
• Basic principles and applications of spectroscopy · 13.6 Rotational (microwave) and Raman spectra · 13.7 Vibrational and electronic spectra: anharmonicity and Franck–CondonFreeOpen 13.6Open 13.7
• Photochemistry · 10.1 Photochemistry: quantum yield, Jablonski diagram, H₂–halogen reactions · 13.7 Vibrational and electronic spectra: anharmonicity and Franck–CondonFreeOpen 10.1Open 13.7

Free to read: 7.2 Solutions: Raoult’s and Henry’s laws, colligative properties, van ’t Hoff factor and activity, 13.7 Vibrational and electronic spectra: anharmonicity and Franck–Condon, 1.2 Uncertainty principle, de Broglie relation and wave–particle duality, 6.1 Second and third laws: entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz energies, Maxwell relations, 13.6 Rotational (microwave) and Raman spectra, 4.1 Real gases: van der Waals equation, critical constants, Boyle temperature, 9.2 Theories of reaction rate: Arrhenius, collision and transition-state theory, 9.1 Rate laws and order: integrated rate equations, half-life, reversible, parallel and consecutive reactions, 1.1 Postulates of quantum mechanics: operators, eigenfunctions, Hermitian operators and acceptable wave functions, 10.1 Photochemistry: quantum yield, Jablonski diagram, H₂–halogen reactions, 4.2 Kinetic theory of gases: Maxwell distribution, collisions, mean free path, effusion and transport, 5.1 First law of thermodynamics: work, heat, enthalpy, adiabatic changes, Joule–Thomson effect, thermochemistry, 8.3 Electrolytes: conductance, Kohlrausch, Debye–Hückel and transport numbers, 8.2 Electrochemical cells: Nernst equation, emf and electrodes, 3.2 Defects in solids, non-stoichiometry and semiconductors, 3.1 Crystal systems, Miller indices, Bragg's law and radius ratio, 6.2 Chemical potential, partial molar quantities, Gibbs–Duhem equation, fugacity and activity, 6.3 Chemical equilibrium: ΔG° and K, Kp, Kc and Kx, van ’t Hoff isochore and isobar, 11.2 Adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis and colloids. Each note is one set for Civil Services, IFoS and Geo-Scientist. More topics follow, and each release is announced on Telegram. All VKC notes