Daily answer writing · Mon, 2 Nov, 2026
Van der Waals equation: critical constants from a and b, Zc = 3/8, and a test with CO₂
Starting from the van der Waals equation, derive the critical constants $V_c$, $T_c$ and $P_c$ in terms of $a$ and $b$, and show that the critical compressibility factor $Z_c = P_cV_c/RT_c = 3/8$ for every van der Waals gas. For CO2, $a = 3.640$ L2 bar mol−2 and $b = 0.04267$ L mol−1: calculate $T_c$, $P_c$ and $V_c$ and compare them with the experimental values 304.1 K, 73.8 bar and 94 cm3 mol−1. Comment on the agreement.
($R = 0.08314$ L bar K−1 mol−1)
Syllabus: Common to CSE Paper I, IFoS Paper I and Geo-Scientist Mains (physical): real gases, van der Waals equation, critical phenomena and the law of corresponding states.
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