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UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist

Chemist

  • 3 descriptive papers
  • 200 marks each
  • 3 h per paper

Mains Paper II covers physical chemistry.

UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist, Mains · 2016 · Mains Paper II

Q3. Chemical potential and Gibbs–Duhem equation

Question

Define chemical potential. Deduce the Gibbs–Duhem equation and show how variation of one component' s chemical potential affects that of another.

Answer in brief

μᵢ=(∂ G/∂ nᵢ)_(T,p,nⱼ) and Σᵢ nᵢ dμᵢ=-S dT+V dp. At fixed T,p, the component chemical potentials cannot vary independently.

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CoversChemical potentialGibbs–Duhem equationSolution thermodynamics