UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist, Mains · 2019 · Mains Paper II
Q1(m). Energy of one einstein
Question
Define one einstein of energy and calculate its value for 350 nm light.
Answer in brief
One einstein is one mole of photons; at 350 nm its energy is 3.418×10⁵ J (341.8 kJ).
Key points
- A photon has energy hc/λ. Thus the energy of one mole of monochromatic photons is E=NAhc/λ.
- Insert NA=6.022×10²³ mol⁻¹, h=6.626×10⁻³⁴ J s, c=2.998×10⁸ m s⁻¹ and λ=350×10⁻⁹ m.
- This gives E=341787 J for one mole of photons.
The full model answer
As written for the answer booklet: the diagram carries the working, the lines stay short. Read here only; it is not offered as a download.

CoversEnergy of one einsteinPhotochemistry
All parts of Question 1
- 1(a) Atomicity from heat capacities5 marks
- 1(b) Units of attraction parameter5 marks
- 1(c) Surface energy of cube and sphere5 marks
- 1(d) Atoms in a BCC sample5 marks
- 1(e) Volume independence of ideal-gas heat capacity5 marks
- 1(f) Entropy on doubling volume5 marks
- 1(g) Single-ion activity coefficients5 marks
- 1(h) Ammonia buffer5 marks
- 1(i) Pure-component vapour pressures5 marks
- 1(j) Zero-order half-life5 marks
- 1(k) Physical and chemical adsorption5 marks
- 1(l) Iron redox-electrode potential5 marks
- 1(m) Energy of one einstein5 marks
- 1(n) Bohr quantisation from matter waves5 marks
- 1(o) Spectral wavelength shifts5 marks
- 1(p) Bromobutane with one NMR signal5 marks